Preheat the oven to 400 °F (204 °C)
If using fresh potatoes, cook them by placing diced fresh potatoes in a pot and cover them with water. Place the potatoes over medium high heat and cook for 10-15 minutes or until fork tender. Drain the potatoes and allow them to cool until they can be handled
In a large bowl, combine the drained and cooled potatoes, eggs, cheddar, corn, garlic, onions, peppers, jalapenos, cilantro, and seasonings. Mix all the ingredients together very well, try to break up the potatoes a little with your hands so that you get a combination of big pieces and some smooth mashed potato type texture.
Form the mixture into patties that are 3 inches in diameter and about 1 inch thick. You should get 16 (3-4 ounce) patties.
In a large nonstick skillet, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat.
Cook the potato patties for about 2-3 minutes per side. Transfer the potato cakes to a nonstick baking sheet, place the potato cakes in a 400 °F (204 °C) oven and bake for 5-6 minutes or until they are hot and crispy.
Arrange the potato cakes on a plate and garnish with the sour cream and green onions. Serve these immediately.